SKY92: Advanced Gene Expression Risk Stratification for Multiple Myeloma

A clinically validated, gene expression-based test guiding personalized treatment decisions for patients with Multiple Myeloma.

Understanding
Multiple Myeloma

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is the second most common blood cancer. It starts in plasma cells, which are white blood cells found mainly in your bone marrow. The disease can behave differently in each patient, ranging from slow-growing forms to more aggressive types.

MM develops when malignant plasma cells multiply uncontrollably in the bone marrow, leading to an excessive buildup of abnormal myeloma cells. These cancerous cells crowd out healthy blood cells and produce large amounts of abnormal proteins called monoclonal proteins (M-proteins). Over time, this can lead to serious complications, commonly referred to as CRAB symptoms, which include:

HyperCalcemia

Elevated serum calcium levels from increased bone resorption

Renal Dysfunction

Kidney impairment from free light chain deposition and hypercalcemia

Anemia

Decreased red blood cell production due to bone marrow infiltration

Bone Damage

Osteolytic lesions, pathological fractures, and bone pain due to increased osteoclast activity

While multiple myeloma remains a serious and currently incurable condition, advances in molecular diagnostics, such as with gene expression profiling test, are improving our ability to predict disease behavior and personalize treatment, helping to extend survival and improve quality of life.

Course of disease

Myeloma is a cancer that typically follows a relapsing-remitting course. During active periods, patients experience symptoms or complications that require treatment. Treatment can lead to remission periods when symptoms are minimal or absent. However, most patients will experience disease recurrence and with each recurrence, treatments often become less effective. That’s why choosing the right first-line therapy is especially important since it offers the best chance to shape long-term outcomes.

Why Risk Assessment Matters

Multiple myeloma demonstrates significant heterogeneity in disease progression and treatment response. Some patients experience less aggressive disease with long survival, while others face aggressive progression despite intensive therapy.

Early and accurate risk assessment at diagnosis is crucial for guiding treatment decisions in multiple myeloma.

Limitations of Current Risk Assessment Methods

Despite the critical importance of early risk assessment, many conventional tools lack standardization, leading to inconsistent results and potentially missed treatment opportunities.

Lack of Standardization

Conventional risk assessment tools often lack a unified methodology. Variability in testing techniques, threshold definitions, and reporting practices contributes to inconsistent risk classification.

Inconsistent Classification

Current clinical guidelines for risk stratification in multiple myeloma differ among organizations. This lack of alignment can create confusion among clinicians and result in inconsistent patient management.

Missed Opportunities

Traditional stratification approaches often fail to identify all functionally high-risk patients. As a result, some individuals may not receive timely or appropriate treatment aligned with their actual risk profile.

SKY92 offers standardized risk classification based on tumor biology at diagnosis and relapse, helping clinicians make confident, personalized treatment decisions. By revealing the disease’s biology early, they guide more targeted strategies potentially improving outcomes for patients.

What is SKY92?

SKY92 is a molecular diagnostic test developed by SkylineDx designed specifically for patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM) — both newly diagnosed and those with relapsed or refractory disease.

It analyses the expression of 92 genes, known as the SKY92 signature, in myeloma cells to uncover prognostic information not available through standard diagnostic methods. It has a binary outcome:

Standard Risk

indicates a more favourable prognosis, with a lower risk of rapid disease progression and better expected survival outcomes

High Risk

indicates a higher likelihood of aggressive, progressive disease and reduced overall survival

SKY92 empowers clinicians with more precise risk stratification, enabling informed treatment decisions that can improve patient outcomes

What is SKY92*?

SKY92 is a molecular diagnostic test developed by SkylineDx designed specifically for patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM),  both newly diagnosed and those with relapsed or refractory disease. 

It analyses the expression of 92 genes, known as the SKY92 signature, in myeloma cells to uncover prognostic information not available through standard diagnostic methods. 

It has a binary outcome:

Standard Risk

indicates a more favourable prognosis, with a lower risk of rapid disease progression and better expected survival outcomes

High Risk

indicates a higher likelihood of aggressive, progressive disease and reduced overall survival

*SKY92 is marketed in the USA as an LDT and in Europe under the name MMprofiler CE IVD assay kit, with CE IVD and UKCA mark.

SKY92 empowers clinicians with more precise risk stratification, enabling informed treatment decisions that can improve patient outcomes

How SKY92 Works

Sample Collection

Bone marrow aspirate is collected during standard diagnostic procedure.

Cell Isolation

CD138+ plasma cells are isolated using magnetic bead separation.

RNA Extraction

Total RNA is extracted and quality-controlled for analysis.

Gene Expression Analysis

Expression of 92 genes is measured using microarray technology

Risk Classification

Proprietary algorithm stratifies patient into High or Standard Risk

How Risk Level Shapes the Treatment Plan

Identifying a patient’s risk level at diagnosis allows doctors to tailor treatment strategies more effectively: 

If the risk is identified as…

Standard Risk

SKY92 Standard Risk patients generally have a stable, slow-growing disease and may do well with conventional therapies and could benefit from less intensive treatment, helping preserve options for future relapses.

If the risk is identified as…

High Risk

SKY92 High Risk patients are generally rapidly progressing, genetically unstable disease (classified as high-risk) typically need more intensive first-line treatment. This may include:

  • intensified induction using novel drug combinations;
  • consideration of tandem stem cell transplantation;
  • or extended maintenance with combination therapies.

Close monitoring is essential from the start, and these patients may also be eligible for clinical trials specifically designed for high-risk disease.

Recognized in International Guidelines

Endorsed by IMWG and IMS as an independent prognostic tool

"Gene expression profiling (GEP) signatures (e.g., SKY92) remain significant independent prognostic factors and can help identify high-risk patients who cannot be sufficiently categorized based on any of the DNA-based diagnostic tools."

— International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG)

Why Risk Matters: Stories, Science
and Global Awareness

Why Risk Matters: Stories, Science
and Global Awareness

Learn how risk assessment can be crucial for treatment decisions

Simple diagnostic test empowering myeloma patients

Diagnosis and initial treatment of transplant-eligible high-risk myeloma patients

Validated Through Global Clinical Trials

3500+

Patients tested

Across 17 clinical cohorts

20+

Published Studies

In peer-reviewed journals demonstrating the clinical utility and prognostic value

60+

Abstracts

at leading international hematology and oncology conferences

16+

Academic institutions

worldwide have helped to
develop the test

Next Steps

Contact SkylineDx to learn more about implementing SKY92 in your practice, accessing educational resources, or requesting information about reimbursement and logistics.

Frequently Asked Questions

What’s the difference between MMprofiler and SKY92?
  • MMprofiler™ is the commercial name of the test under CE-IVD and UKCA mark. 
  • SKY92 is the commercial name of the test when performed as a Laboratory Developed Test (LDT), offered through SkylineDx’s CLIA-certified and CAP-accredited laboratory in San Diego, CA. 
  • SKY92 can also be referred to the gene expression–based signature utilized by the algorithm. 

While traditional tests like FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization) identify certain chromosomal abnormalities, SKY92 detects gene expression patterns that reveal biological behavior missed by standard methods. In fact, SKY92 identifies 10–15% of high-risk patients not captured by clinical markers like FISH.

SKY92 is suitable for patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory Multiple Myeloma, especially when a more precise risk assessment could impact treatment planning. It is typically ordered by hematologists or oncologists managing MM care.

SKY92 has been analytically and clinically validated in multiple international studies.

SKY92 supports personalized medicine by:

  • Identifying hidden high-risk patients
  • Guiding treatment intensity
  • Improving long-term management and patient outcomes

The SKY92 test is completed in approximately 4 working days in the laboratory. In a clinical setting, accounting for sample logistics and processing workflows, results are typically delivered in less than 3 weeks from the time of sample collection